In European Americans, rs1229984 was associated with Maxdrinks (p = 6×10−15)(Hart et al., 2016) (Xu et al., 2015) and with the number of DSM-IV and DSM5 criteria (p = 1.4×10−13, 5.3×10−14 respectively), among which withdrawal was the strongest (Hart et al., 2016). In Australian twins, 97% of European descent, those carrying an ADH1B*2 allele reported more flushing after consuming small amounts of alcohol (p = 8.2×10−7), a lower number of Maxdrinks (p = 2.7×10−6), lower total alcohol consumption (p = 8.9×10−8), and fewer DSM-IIIR symptoms of dependence (p = 0.0016) (Macgregor et al., 2009). Jorgenson et al. found rs1229984 was associated with drinker vs. nondrinker status in Americans of both European (p=2.5×10−20) and Hispanic (p=4.4×10−7) descent, and with average drinks per week (p=1.9×10−35 in EA and 2.6×10−6 in Hispanics) (Jorgenson et al., 2017). In a Spanish cohort selected for heavy alcohol consumption and matched controls, ADH1B*2 was associated with protection from heavy drinking in both men (OR = 0.19, p = 4.8×10−10) and women (OR = 0.48 p = 0.0067); other ADH SNPs were not significant when conditioned upon rs1229984
