NCBI staff provide the bulk of RefSeq organelle genome annotation through propagation from the INSDC submission. Mammalian mitochondria annotation is often supplemented with manual curation. The RefSeq project also maintains reference sequences for targeted loci projects such as RefSeqGene, which is a member of the Locus Reference Genomic (LRG) collaboration (7), for bacterial and fungal ribosomal rRNA loci, and for fungal internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS) (8). In addition, a significant number of human, mouse, and other transcripts and proteins are provided through collaboration and manual curation which includes sequence analysis and literature review.