middle adulthood but not during emerging or young adulthood. These findings highlight the particularly important role of social support from friends during middle adulthood for AAs. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show developmental differences in the role of social support in moderating genetic influences among AAs. This interaction between alc-PRS and friend support in relation to alcohol use among AA middle adults remained statistically significant (p = .007) in the robustness analysis where alc-PRS × covariate and friend support × covariate interactions were included to further account for potential confounding effects, suggesting the robustness of the effect. However, we acknowledge that the sample size for the AA middle adults subsample is quite small (n = 273). With limited statistical power, it is possible that the detected interaction effect between PRS and friend support was a false positive finding. Thus, we consider our findings preliminary and future research is needed to replicate our findings.
