Last, we investigated the mRNA expression levels of MAPK14, GFAP and the inflammation markers, IL1B and IL6 in postmortem brain tissues from schizophrenia patients. In the frontal cortex (Brodmann's area 8), there were no significant differences in the expression levels of MAPK14 between control and schizophrenia samples (P=0.648; Figure 5a). However, the GFAP expression level was nominally significantly increased in the patient samples (P=0.044; age-adjusted P=0.05; Figure 5b). In contrast, IL1B expression levels were significantly decreased in patient samples (P=0.001; Figure 5c). The expression levels of IL6 were unchanged between control and schizophrenia samples (P=0.25; Figure 5d). In addition, MAP2 expression levels were significantly decreased in the patient samples (P=0.0001; age-adjusted P=0.000015; Figure 5e). Furthermore, the expression ratios of GFAP/MAP2 were significantly increased in the patient samples (P=0.007; age-adjusted P=0.002; Figure 5f). There were no significant correlations between expression levels of GFAP and levels of IL1B or IL6 (Supplementary Figures 5a and b). The expression levels of the two inflammation marker genes showed significant correlation (Supplementary Figure 5c). The RIN and pH of schizophrenia samples were significantly and marginally lower
