Individuals with AUD had significantly increased FC of the left insula—the ACC, SMA, and mPFC (t = 2.67, P < 0.05) in the anterior SN compared to healthy adults. In the posterior SN, decreased connectivity of the right thalamus—the left SMG and IPG was observed in the AUD group (t = −3.66, P < 0.05) (Table 2; Supplementary Figures 1, 2).
