Functional and Structural Alteration of Default Mode, Executive Control, and Salience Networks in Alcohol Use Disorder.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Suk, Ji-Woo; Hwang, Soonjo; Cheong, Chaejoon
- Year
- 2021
- Journal
- Frontiers in psychiatry
- PMID
- 34744834
- DOI
- 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.742228
- PMCID
- PMC8564495
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been related to aberrant functional connectivity (FC) in the salience network (SN), executive control network (ECN), and default mode network (DMN). However, there is a lack of comprehensive and simultaneous examination of these networks in patients with AUD and of their relation to potential anatomical changes. We aimed to comprehensively examine the alteration in FC in the three networks in AUD patients, and the correlation of the alteration with anatomical/structural changes (volume) in the neural areas implicated in these networks, by applying voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and region of interest-to-region of interest connectivity analysis simultaneously. In all, 22 patients with AUD and 22 healthy adults participated in the study and underwent T1 magnetic resonance imaging. Patients with AUD showed increased FCs within the DMN and SN networks, especially in terms of connectivity of the frontal areas and bilateral hippocampi. They also showed decreased FCs in the ECN. In addition, there was significant volume reduction in these areas (frontal areas and hippocampus). The increased FCs within the frontal areas or bilateral hippocampi showed a negative correlation with gray matter volume of these areas in AUD patients. Our findings add to the empirical evidence that the frontal lobe and hippocampi are critical areas that are vulnerable to functional and structural changes due to AUD.
Correlation between FC and gray matter volume in the salience network among AUD group. Gray matter volume of anterior cingulate gyrus/medial prefrontal cortex/supplementary motor area was negatively associated with the FC of the left insula—anterior cingulate gyrus/medial prefrontal cortex/supplementary motor area (r = −0.48). Red and blue lines represent the positive and negative functional connectivity between ROIs, respectively. FC, functional connection; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; AUD, alcohol use disorder group; INS, insula; L, left; MPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; R, right; SFG, superior frontal gyrus; TH, thalamus.
Correlation between FC and gray matter volume in the dorsal default mode network in the AUD group. Gray matter volume of right hippocampus was negatively associated with the FC of (1) the right hippocampus—right angular gyrus (r = −0.55); (2) the right hippocampus—the left hippocampus (r = −0.45). Left hippocampus volume was also negatively linked to the FC of (1) the left hippocampus—right angular gyrus (r = −0.43); (2) the right hippocampus—the left hippocampus (r = −0.35). Blue lines represent the negative functional connectivity between ROIs, respectively. FC, functional connection; AG, angular gyrus; AUD, alcohol use disorder group; Hip, hippocampus; L, left; R, right.
Correlation between FC and gray matter volume in the ventral default mode network in the AUD group. Gray matter volume of right parahippocampal gyrus was negatively associated with the FC of the (1) right parahippocampal gyrus—right superior frontal gyrus/middle frontal gyrus (r = −0.60); (2) right parahippocampal gyrus—right angular gyrus/middle occipital gyrus (r = −0.39). Red and blue lines represent the positive and negative FC between ROIs, respectively. FC, functional connection; AG, angular gyrus; AUD, alcohol use disorder group; L, left; MFG, middle frontal gyrus; MOG, middle occipital gyrus; PHG, parahippocampal gyrus; R, right; SFG, superior frontal gyrus.
Correlation between FC and gray matter volume in the right executive control network in the AUD group. Red line represents the positive functional connectivity between ROIs, respectively. FC, functional connection; AG, angular gyrus; AUD, alcohol use disorder group; IPG, inferior parietal gyrus; MFG, middle frontal gyrus; R, right; SFG, superior frontal gyrus; SMG, supramarginal gyrus.
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