Many studies on AUD that have used rs-fMRI have consistently identified abnormalities in the DMN (17–19), ECN (18–20), and SN (18, 19, 21). Prior studies on substance use disorders revealed the pattern of increased connectivity between midline core DMN (i.e., PCC) and medial temporal DMN (i.e., hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus) (18, 22), and suggested that it might be involved in the conditioning of internal affective states with the experience of drug intake (23, 24). The studies on ECN of substance use reported the weaker connection in the DLPFC-parietal cortex and is an association with relapse to substance use (20, 25, 26). Increased functional connectivity (FC) of the insula in the SN, specifically the insula-anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), was exhibited in addiction disorders and implicated in compulsive wanting and motivation for addicted objects (19).
