The triple network model (11) was proposed to provide a common framework to understand the core dysfunctions in neurocognitive networks related to addiction and AUD in terms of the network approach (12). In this theoretical frame, three networks are implicated in the pathophysiology of addiction/AUD: (1) the executive control network (ECN), a fronto-parietal system composed of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and interior parietal gyrus (IPG), implicated in manipulating information about the external environment (13); (2) the default mode network (DMN), comprising the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), implicated in monitoring self-referential mental processes (14); and (3) the salience network (SN), comprising the prefrontal cortex and anterior insula as key nodes, implicated in switching between the ECN and DMN by detecting, filtering, and integrating external stimuli and internal signals and allocating attentional resources between them (13, 15, 16).
