In late 2004, the prospective study (2004–2019) was launched to evaluate younger members of the original COGA families who were then between the ages of 12 and 22 (adolescents/young adults). Some had been interviewed in earlier data collection waves, and all had at least one parent who was interviewed in one of the earlier waves of data collection. Participants were interviewed every 2 years, to study how alcohol use, problems, and related behaviors developed and changed over time. For 12‐year‐old children, a parent interview about the child was also obtained. Additional children, upon turning age 12, were invited to participate. The assessments administered in this wave were similar to those used in prior waves of data collection, but updated to target the youthful group being studied, such as asking about school behaviors, friendship groups and quality of relationships with parents (see Table 1). The measures also included neurophysiological and neuropsychological tests to assess neurocognitive performance, particularly frontal lobe function across development during this period (detailed in Table 1 under the column heading “prospective”). If not collected previously, blood samples for
