Figure 1A depicts a Manhattan plot for OUD (Q-Q plots are shown in Supplemental Figure S1A, Genomic Inflation Factor λ 1.04). One genome-wide significant locus was identified on chromosome 4, with two linked significant SNPs rs10014685 (p = 2.40×10−8) and rs114237113 (p=3.87×10−8) (Table 3). Based on the defined LD block of these two SNPs, there are 178 candidate SNPs within the linkage disequilibrium region with these two SNPs, and 37 SNPs were tagged in our GWAS (Supplemental Table S2). The regional plot (Figure 2A) showed a robust signal in the region surrounding the identified SNPs. Because GWAS results may differ when using opioid exposed controls versus unexposed controls(Polimanti et al., 2020), we sub-divided the overall control group into groups with or without previous opioid drug prescriptions. We found that 53% of patients in the control group were prescribed an opioid at least once. Using these patients as controls, we repeated our GWAS for opioid use disorder and observed two significant loci. The first represented the original locus on chromosome 4. The second was a new locus on chromosome 16, with
