at least once. Using these patients as controls, we repeated our GWAS for opioid use disorder and observed two significant loci. The first represented the original locus on chromosome 4. The second was a new locus on chromosome 16, with two linked significant SNPs rs12931235 (p = 7.18×10−10) and rs12596025 (p=1.38×10−8) (Figure 1B, Figure 2B, Supplemental Figure S 1B). On the other hand, no significant locus was identified using the un-exposed control group.