(2006) and Sakai (2010) studies, rs279871 was found to be associated with adolescent CD, yet here neither rs279871 nor the SNP we examined in high LD (r2 > 0.8) with this SNP, rs279858, was associated with CD. Interestingly, the Sakai (2010) study used two association approaches: a case control and a family based approach. While the case control approach indicated evidence of an association between rs279871 and adolescent CD, the family based approach did not. This is particularly note-worthy in that there was some overlap between our wave 1 sample and the sample used by Sakai; eight hundred and thirty four Hispanic and EA subjects were used in both the present study and the study by Sakai et al. (2010). In addition to using different statistical approaches, non-replication may be related to the inclusion of both adolescents and young adults since both previous studies used only adolescents. Furthermore, both Dick (2006) and Sakai (2010) used primarily DSM IIIR criteria for establishing CD symptoms while our study used primarily DSM IV criteria. Although the DSM IV and DSM IIIR classifications contain many of the same criteria for CD, the DSM IV, compared to DSM IIIR, introduced two new criteria, staying out
