Participants were students mandated to a university Alcohol and Other Drug Assistance Program (ADAPS) due to infractions of university rules about alcohol and drug use in residence halls. The sample was recruited during the fall semester 2003 and spring and fall semesters 2004. Of the 390 mandated students, 24 (6.2%) were ineligible for the study based on the following exclusion criteria: prior substance abuse treatment, a score greater than 13 on the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck & Steer, 1984), a .24% Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) or higher in a typical week, more than 10 occasions of HED (five or more drinks on one occasion for men and four or more for women) in the past month, nine or more alcohol/drug-related negative consequences, near daily marijuana use, or abstinence from alcohol and drugs (i.e., they were caught in a room with alcohol or drugs but had never used them themselves). Because this was a randomized study and there was no prior research to support the efficacy of written feedback alone for mandated students, the highest risk students were excluded for ethical
