Pain threshold (time elapsed when the subject indicated discomfort by raising the non-immersed hand) and pain tolerance (time the hand was kept in the cold water) were recorded. Pain tolerance data were not available for some children because they tolerated the cold water for the entire 4 minutes for both trials (n = 21), did not complete the task (n = 40) or did not understand the task (n = 2). Of the 187 children whose pain tolerance data were included in the analyses, pain threshold data were not available for 56 because they did not raise their hand to indicate when they first felt pain.
