COGA has also investigated why some individuals from high‐risk family environments are resistant to AUD development. Drawing on the notion of “addiction resistance” proposed by others, 91 , 92 we took advantage of the high risk family design and deep longitudinal assessments which positioned COGA well for exploring this issue. In one study using COGA data from the prospective study, the only factor found to promote resistance to initiation of alcohol use was high quality of the child's paternal relationship. 93 In contrast, other adolescent social relationship factors, including those involving parenting, peer, and romantic partners, were not associated with resistance to initiating drinking or heavy episodic drinking, or developing AUD. 93 This pattern of largely null effects highlights how little is known regarding potential resistance factors and processes among individuals with high familial and genetic risk for AUD. 91 , 92
