For gene transfer into postnatal SVZ cells, GFAP-GFP and GFAP-GFP/CNP-hEGFR P2-P3 pups were injected with 1–2μg of pFLAG-NICD (gift from Dr. Raphael Kopan), shhumanEGFR (GeneCopoeia, Cat #HSH004605-LvH1, access number NM_005228.3; HSHH004605 actcactctccataaatgc; HSH004605-2 cgtcagcctgaacataaca; HSH004605-3 gaccagacaactgtatcca; HSH004605-4 ccgtcgctatcaaggaatt), CAG-GFP and Hes1-dsRED and Hes1-GFP (gift from Dr. Cepko L. Constance)34 CBFRE-EGFP (gift from Dr. Nicholas Gaiano)22, Dll-GFP (gift from Richard Grosschedl)35 and Hes5-GFP (gift from R. Kageyama)36 DNA into the LV, followed by electroporation (100V/50ms, five times at 950ms intervals; the angle of the paddles was adjusted to 20–40 degrees) using an ECM 830 BTX electroporator (Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA).