Several more recent studies have provided evidence for an independent effect of ADH1C*1 on alcohol dependence, but extensive LD in the ADH region has led to associations of different SNPs. A GWAS and follow-up of key SNPs in German males with early onset alcohol dependence provided evidence of association of rs1614972 (in LD with rs698 and rs1693482, D’=1, r2 = 0.31) with AD (p = 1.4×10−4) but it did not withstand correction for multiple testing (Treutlein et al., 2009). Enlarging that sample provided genome-wide significant evidence for association of a different SNP, rs1789891 (D’ with rs1693482 =1, r2 = 0.22) with alcohol dependence (1.3×10−8, OR4 = 0.68) (Frank et al., 2012). A follow up of SNPs from the Treutlein study and provided limited statistical support (p=0.0017) for association of rs1614972 with AD in a different population (OR = 0.8) (Biernacka et al., 2013). Rs1789891 was associated with alcohol dependence in a study of British and Irish (p = 7.2×10−5; OR =0.71), and the association remained significant when conditioned on rs1229984 (ADH1B*2; p = 1.7×10−4) (Way et al., 2015). In the
