Population-specific summary statistics from the AUDIT-C and AUD GWAS in MVP were used to generate PRS in the PMBB, an independent sample. PRS were generated for EAs (N = 8524) and AAs (N = 2031) as above using the PRSice2 package64 with imputed allele dosage as the target dataset. As recommended in the software, we performed p value informed clumping with a distance threshold of 250 kb and r2 = 0.1. We excluded the MHC region. Risk scores were calculated for a range of p value thresholds (p ≤ 1 × 10−7, 1 × 10−6, 1 × 10−5, 1 × 10−4, 1 × 10−3, 0.01, 0.05, 0.5, 1.0) and standardized with mean = 0 and SD = 1. To identify individuals with alcohol-related disorders, we utilized phecodes, a method to aggregate ICD codes65. First, we extracted ICD-9 and ICD-10 data for 48,610 individuals from the EHR. To facilitate mapping to phecodes, ICD-10 codes were back converted to ICD-9 using 2017 general equivalency mapping (GEM). The ICD-10 conversions were combined with the ICD-9 codes to create a dataset with 10,682 unique
