We performed GWAS and within-ancestry meta-analyses for PAU in five ancestral groups and then completed a cross-ancestry meta-analysis. In the EUR meta-analysis, 113,325 cases of AUD/AD, 639,923 controls and 149,899 participants with AUDIT–P scores were analyzed (Extended Data Fig. 1a). After conditional analysis, 85 independent variants at 75 loci reached GWS (Methods, Fig. 1b and Supplementary Table 1). Of these variants, 41 are in protein-coding genes including five missense variants (GCKR*rs1260326, ADH1B*rs75967634, ADH1B*rs1229984, SCL39A8*rs13107325 and BDNF*rs6265).
