Clinically, these results suggest that interventions such as pleasurable activity scheduling, that target PA could effectively target craving for nicotine during abstinence (Kanter et al., 2010; MacPherson et al., 2010). They also suggest that within the first day of a quit attempt, withdrawal/NA may be a primary factors differentiating moderate from heavy smokers. These findings are consistent with the use of nicotine replacement therapies targeting withdrawal (Silagy, Mant, Fowler, & Lodge, 1994; Stead et al., 1996; Wu, Wilson, Dimoulas, & Mills, 2006) and antidepressants such as bupropion (Dale et al., 2001; Eisenberg et al., 2008) among heavy smokers. Conversely, light or moderate smokers who did not report substantial withdrawal and NA, may benefit more from other intervention strategies such as Varenicline (de Dios, Anderson, Stanton, Audet, & Stein, 2012), although treatment efficacy among lighter smokers is under studied (Husten, 2009; Okuyemi et al., 2002).
