Quantitative association results of single markers for each alcohol-related trait are listed in Table 3. A positive regression coefficient in the regression models indicates that individuals with the minor allele have higher scores for the examined trait, and vice versa. For instance, the negative value (−1.24) for ONSET in the total sample at the first marker listed (rs1978340) indicates that individuals with the minor allele of rs1978340 have earlier AD onset than those with the common allele. This association of marker rs1978340 with ONSET exhibits a strong effect (regression coefficient = −2.28 with a FDR adjusted P < 0.001) in male samples. Three other markers in GAD1 showed association with ISENS in the total sample (FDR adjusted P = 0.015). These three markers showed modest association in male subgroup, but were not significant after adjusting for false discoveries. The negative regression coefficients of the three markers with ISENS indicate higher response to ethanol (lower number of drinks needed to feel subjective effects) with the minor allele, which suggests that a common allele of these markers may increase the risk for
