although the difference in frequency of rs9298626 between exposed but unaffected controls and unexposed controls was not significant. When control subjects were restricted to those who had been exposed to cocaine but were unaffected (n = 899 vs. 1976), the association between rs9298626 and DSM-5 cocaine use disorder was reduced but the odds ratio was unchanged (p = 3.12 × 10−3, OR = 2.68, CI = 1.40–5.16), supporting the role of this SNP, or another SNP in LD with rs9298626, in risk for DSM-5 cocaine use disorder, even after accounting for cocaine exposure. While the exposed and unaffected individuals have higher rates of nicotine and alcohol dependence we conclude that this is likely because exposure to cocaine, regardless of dependence, is correlated with other substance use. We conclude that the minor allele of rs9298626 is correlated with cocaine use disorder, which is strengthened by the fact that there remains an association even when not considering unexposed individuals in the analysis.
