Overall, after controlling for multiple comparisons, these analyses identified 461 unique genes with statistical evidence of association with TUD (Figure 3a, Supplementary Table 22). Of these, 159 genes converged across at least 2 methods, and 2 genes (GPX1, GMPPB) converged across all six methods and replicated prior GSCAN findings. 110 (23.86%) of the 461 genes identified via these analyses were identified by the GWS loci, and two were novel TUD genes not identified in prior FTND or GSCAN analyses (PTCHD4, THUMPD3), which prompt novel hypotheses to be tested experimentally.