Cognitive testing was measured using the Mathematical Processing (MP) task, the Running Memory Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and the Stroop Test within the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) computer package, a computer-administered cognitive battery of performance tests developed by the Department of Defense (42). As the main cognitive outcome measure, we used the throughput score, which combines response speed, accuracy and consistency, and reflects cognitive efficiency (42). The MP, CPT, and Stroop assessments were chosen for their sensitivity to acute nicotinic administration (43–45).