active rTMS treatment, PAC values near the left DLPFC increased significantly (Figure 4b). Furthermore, we also explored the relationship between improved sleep quality and enhanced PAC in ID patients. Pearson correlation analysis showed that enhanced PAC at the Fz electrode was significantly associated with improvement in subjective sleep quality, as measured by the PSQI score, and there was a significant correlation between the increase in PAC at the F3 electrode and the decrease in sleep onset latency, although these two correlations were not found at the same electrode (Figure 5b,c). The correlation between PAC values and sleep quality suggests that improved sleep quality in ID patients is probably because low‐frequency rTMS inhibited cortical hyperexcitability to some extent and reduced high‐frequency activity. Low‐frequency oscillations regained control over high‐frequency oscillations, and this change in control capability was sensitively captured by PAC.
