The Veterans Aging Cohort Study Biomarker Cohort (VACS-BC) has been described in detail previously (Armah et al., 2012, Freiberg et al., 2016, Justice et al., 2012a). Briefly, it is a smaller sample, nested within a large observational cohort based on data from the national VA EHR that includes all HIV-infected patients in VA care (over 50,000 HIV+ subjects) and uninfected patients (over 100,000) matched on region, age, race/ethnicity, and sex. The biomarker cohort includes 1,525 HIV+ and 843 uninfected individuals who provided a blood sample in 2005-2007 (So-Armah et al., 2014, Armah et al., 2012, Justice et al., 2012b). We used AUDIT-C data collected during routine clinical care from 2007 (when first available from EHR extracts) to 2016; note that AUDIT-C data are from a later timeframe than PEth. In the analyses comparing AUDIT-C metrics to each other and to PEth, we included participants for whom AUDIT-C data were available in the EHR and who had PEth values (n=1,851). The analysis comparing AUDIT-C to presence/absence of the ADH1B 369Cys allele was limited to 1,503 AAs with genotype and AUDIT-C data,
