Third, in the Yale-Penn study sample25, an independent sample ascertained for substance use disorders, the PRS of AUDIT-C and AUD were significantly associated with DSM-IV alcohol dependence criterion counts (see Methods and Supplementary Data 46, 47). In EAs, all AUDIT-C risk scores were significantly associated with the criterion count, with the most significant p value threshold being 1 × 10−7 (β = 1.029, p = 6.67 × 10−13). Similarly, all AUD risk scores were significantly associated with the criterion count, the most significant p value threshold being 1 × 10−6 (β = 1.144, p = 1.86 × 10−16). In AAs, all but one AUDIT-C risk score and all AUD risk scores were significantly associated with the alcohol dependence criterion count, the most significant p value threshold being 1 × 10−7 (AUDIT-C: β = 0.829, p = 1.18 × 10−11; AUD: β = 0.502, p = 4.62 × 10−8).
