As part of the AITD Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) UK National Collection, 2,200 unrelated, reported white individuals with Graves' disease were recruited. Participants were recruited from centers across the UK, including Birmingham, Bournemouth, Cambridge, Cardiff, Exeter, Leeds, Newcastle and Sheffield (Supplementary Table 6). Affected individuals were defined by the presence of biochemical hyperthyroidism together with at least one of the following: (i) a diffuse goiter on a scan, (ii) positive autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), (iii) diffuse goiter on palpation, along with thyroglobulin or thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies or (iv) thyroid eye disease (NOSPECS classification score of 2–6).
