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Chunk #20 — RESULTS — Theoretical Analysis of MTAG’s Performance

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Multi-trait analysis of genome-wide association summary statistics using MTAG.
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The MSE formula is very general: it holds under any distribution of effect sizes, including distributions that violate the homogeneous-Ω assumption. The formula implies that for each trait, the MTAG estimates always have a lower genome-wide MSE than corresponding GWAS estimates. That in turn suggests that polygenic predictors constructed from MTAG results are likely to outperform GWAS-based predictors very generally.