Alpha power was maximal occipitally in the U.S. Caucasians so results are presented for O1 or O2, whichever had higher power. The association results in the Plains Indians were replicated in the U.S. Caucasians (Table 5). Although the findings in this smaller dataset were not as strong, nevertheless the maximum effect size (converting back from log to absolute power) was 1.7, the same as in the Plains Indians. Allele frequencies differed considerably between the two populations (Tables 4, 5) but in both populations allele 1 was associated with increased alpha power.