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Chunk #223 — VIII. A possible underlying neurobiology: connectivity constellations

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Molecular genetics of addiction and related heritable phenotypes: genome-wide association approaches identify "connectivity constellation" and drug target genes with pleiotropic effects.
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Despite this relatively modest representation in the genome, then, cell adhesion related genes are substantially overrepresented in several of the genome wide association datasets reviewed here when compared to their genomic representation. Cell adhesion related genes represent 21–26% of the genes identified by the replicated searches for addiction vulnerability genes in Samples 1 and 2 and Samples 4 and 5. They represent 27% of the genes identified for vulnerability to bipolar disorder, 17% of the genes implicated in individual differences in regional cerebral volumes, 20% of genes implicated in cognitive abilities and 20% of the genes implicated in success in smoking cessation.