Based on the multivariate Cholesky decomposition, we obtained the contribution of A, C, and E influences to the phenotypic correlation between the traits (see Table 5). Following the tracing rules of pathway analysis, the parameters in Figure 1 can be converted into the A, C, and E influences on each trait and the genetic and environmental covariance between traits (also see ref. 28). For example, the genetic covariance between conduct symptoms and tobacco use can be traced through the path from conduct to A1 times the path from A1 to tobacco (i.e. for males: 0.76*0.21=0.16). The genetic correlation can then also be calculated by dividing the genetic covariance between two traits by the square root of the product of the genetic variances of the two traits.
