We derived eight cohorts for individuals with and without a neuroinflammation-related condition for all four neuroinflammation-related conditions. We defined the outcome as time from index date (i.e., day-0) to the first diagnosis date of AD. We censored Individuals without any outcome at the last date of enrollment. We assessed data on drug exposure during follow-up periods. We defined binary drug exposure covariates (i.e., yes/no for percent of medication days ≥25% during the follow-up period) for frequent drugs in all cohorts (Figure 1B). We used 25% as the threshold based on a recent pharmacoepidemiologic study of AD.17
