To minimize adverse reactions to alcohol administration, nondrinkers were excluded from study participation, and female and male participants met the following inclusion and criteria: report drinking at least two and three standard drinks, at least twice a month on the TLFB, and indicate some binge drinking (4 or more, or 5 or more drinks per occasion) respectively, in their past. Subjects whose weekly average alcohol intake exceeded NIAAA recommendations (i.e., >7 drinks/week for women or >14 drinks/week for men) were excluded. Additional exclusion criteria were: (a) smoking 3 or more cigarettes per day, (b) current use of prescription medications and/or use of psychoactive medications within the past 90 days, (c) treatment in the last 6 months with antidepressants, neuroleptics, sedative hypnotics, glucocorticoids, appetite suppressants, opiates, or DA medications. A total of 145 subjects completed the alcohol sensitivity sessions. The Johns Hopkins Institutional Review Board approved all procedures.