Likewise, despite an absence of main effects, African-Americans with SI were less likely than their European-American counterparts to meet criteria for alcohol dependence (Table 4). Also, males with SI were more likely than females with SI to meet criteria for both nicotine use and dependence, although these results did not hold after accounting for covariates. Finally, African-Americans with SI were less likely than European-Americans with SI to meet criteria for nicotine use and dependence.