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Chunk #31 — DISCUSSION — Gene expression affected by ethanol

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Ethanol treatment of lymphoblastoid cell lines from alcoholics and non-alcoholics causes many subtle changes in gene expression.
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(cation proton antiporter 9) is associated with alcohol dependence (Kendler et al., 2011), alcohol dependence symptom count (Wang et al., 2012); it was also associated with smoking (Vink et al., 2009) and ADHD (Kondapalli et al., 2013). SLC9A9 expression was also altered in frontal cortex of alcoholics (Liu et al., 2006) (Wang et al., 2012). SLC1A1 (high affinity glutamate transporter) is associated with alcohol dependence (Edenberg et al., 2010; Kendler et al., 2011); it was also associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (Wendland et al., 2009) and schizophrenia (Horiuchi et al., 2012). Three SNPs in or near SLC1A1 correlated with gene expression levels in LCLs (Wendland et al., 2009), and are associated with increased expression in postmortem prefrontal cortex (Horiuchi et al., 2012). ANK3 (ankyrin 3, node of Ranvier) is associated with alcoholism (Kendler et al., 2011) and alcohol plus illegal substance dependence (Johnson et al., 2011), and also with posttraumatic stress disorder and externalizing behavior (Logue et al., 2013), bipolar disorder especially associated with stress (Leussis et al., 2013) and autism susceptibility (Bi et al., 2012). EPHB1 (ephrin receptor B1) is associated with alcoholism (Edenberg et al., 2010; Kendler et al., 2011) and also shown to differ in expression in frontal