by smoking status–smokers (defined as cigarette, pipe, or cigar smokers and former smokers who quit <15 years prior to interview), versus non-smokers (defined as never smokers, or former smokers who quit ≥ 15 years prior to interview). Former smokers who quit ≥15 years prior to interview were grouped with never smokers as our analyses showed no association between this group and increased pancreatic cancer risk (data not shown). Analyses of alcohol consumption and risk restricted only to current smokers also are provided. Because of sample size constraints, the referent group for analyses restricted to smokers was those who drank less than 1 drink/month over their lifetime, or ≤4 drinks/week in the 20 years prior to interview. Analyses stratified by type of alcohol also are presented. For comparability with other studies and our earlier published results of data from this study, we present results from parsimonious models adjusted for age alone, and from multivariable models additionally adjusted for potential confounders of race, education, smoking, history of diabetes, BMI, caloric intake, and physical activity. Exploratory analyses adjusting for history of pancreatitis also were conducted, but results are not presented as risk estimates did not differ by at least 10%. Odds ratios and
