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Chunk #1 — Introduction

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The impact of focusing a program to prevent heavier drinking on a pre-existing phenotype, the low level of response to alcohol.
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The risk for heavier drinking and associated problems is not evenly distributed among drinkers. Generally, males are more likely to have alcohol problems than females (Barnett et al., 2014; Polak and Conner, 2012), and European Americans (EA) and Hispanics consume more alcohol than African Americans (AA) and Asians (Barnett et al., 2014; Eng et al., 2007; Li et al., 2011; Wu et al., 2011). Heavy drinking and associated problems also relate to several aspects of a person's response to alcohol (King et al., 2014; Newlin and Renton, 2010; Schuckit, 2014), including the need for higher blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) to produce a range of effects (Low level of Response, or Low LR, to alcohol) (Quinn and Fromme, 2011; Schuckit et al., 2011a). Low LR best predicts future higher quantities per occasion, with less impact on drinking frequencies (Chung and Martin, 2009; Quinn and Fromme, 2011; Schuckit et al., 2011b, 2012b, 2014; Scott, 2012).