The impact of focusing a program to prevent heavier drinking on a pre-existing phenotype, the low level of response to alcohol.
- Authors
- Schuckit, Marc A; Smith, Tom L; Kalmijn, Jelger; Skidmore, Jessica; Clausen, Peyton; Shafir, Alexandra; Saunders, Gretchen; Bystritsky, Hannah; Fromme, Kim
- Year
- 2015
- Journal
- Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research
- PMID
- 25656349
- DOI
- 10.1111/acer.12620
- PMCID
- PMC4331238
BACKGROUND: Heavy drinking is common during transitions from high school to college. Optimal programs for diminishing risks for high alcohol consumption often tailor the approach to the specific needs of students. This study describes the results of an Internet-based prevention protocol that tailors the information to the risk associated with a pre-existing phenotype, the Low level of Response (Low LR) to alcohol. METHODS: Using stratified random assignment, 454 freshmen with Low and High LR values were assigned to 2 education groups (LR-based where all examples were given the context of the Low LR model of heavy drinking or a State Of The Art (SOTA) Group where the same lessons were taught but without an emphasis on LR) or a no-intervention Control Group. Individuals in the 2 education groups viewed 50-minute online videos once per week for 4 weeks. Changes in drinking patterns were assessed at Baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks using a 2 (LR status) by 3 (education group) by 3 (time points) analysis of variance, with additional tests for ethnicity and sex. RESULTS: Low LR participants tended to decrease their usual (p < 0.06) and maximum (p < 0.05) drinks per occasion most prominently when assigned to the LR-based protocol, while those with High LRs improved more in the SOTA Group. The most robust differences were seen when controlling for ethnicity. The effect sizes were small to medium. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the advantages of carrying out prevention via the Internet and in tailoring the approach to a pre-existing phenotype.
Flow chart illustrating recruitment, assignment to Level of Response Based (LRB), State Of The Art (SOTA) or Control groups, and study task completion.* Although 10 participants in the SOTA did not complete study tasks, two participants were in the same pair, this resulted in the deletion of 9 pairs for the analyses.+Note that while 477 subjects completed the 8 week protocol, after deleting the 23 additional subjects who were matched to the 23 dropouts, 454 participants were used in the analyses (227 matched pairs).
Percentage change in maximum drinks per occasion among low LR drinkers in the Control, State Of The Art (SOTA), and Level of Response Based (LRB) groups from Baseline to 4 and 8 weeks.
Percentage change in maximum drinks per occasion among high LR drinkers in the Control, State Of The Art (SOTA), and Level of Response Based (LRB) groups from Baseline to 4 and 8 weeks.
Percentage change in usual drinks per occasion among low LR drinkers in the Control, State Of The Art (SOTA), and Level of Response Based (LRB) groups from Baseline to 4 and 8 weeks.
Percentage change in usual drinks per occasion among high LR drinkers in the Control, State Of The Art (SOTA), and Level of Response Based (LRB) groups from Baseline to 4 and 8 weeks.
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