The number of significant hits at the p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001 levels are presented in Table 2. We concluded that there was significant enrichment of associations when the number of hits met or exceeded the empirical threshold determined from the permutation analyses, our primary criterion for significant enrichment. There was significant enrichment of associations for Persistent Externalizing, regardless of the p-value thresholds used to define a SNP association “hit” (p = .05, .01, and .001). Moreover, the Alcohol and Property Crime factors showed enrichment at the p < 0.05 level, as did Property Crime at the p < 0.001 level. The five genes containing the strongest SNP hits of association with the Persistent Externalizing factor (8 hits with p < 0.001) were GRID2, GABBR2, CSMD1, LINGO2, and MARCH1. Next, we determined if any individual SNP in any set of tests was significantly associated with factor scores. No single SNP was significant after correction for multiple comparisons using a false discovery rate correction (Benjamini & Hochberg, 1995).
