et al., 1995) as well as the selective attentional processing of the stimulus (e.g., attended/unattended) (Haider et al., 1964; Hansen and Hillyard, 1980; Naatanen and Picton, 1987; Rugg and Coles, 1996), while P3 (also called P300), the most robust and widely studied ERP component, represents context specific cognitive processing such as stimulus/feature/target identification or discrimination, response selection or inhibition, reward evaluation, etc., based on the task requirements and conditions (Sutton et al., 1965; Sutton and Ruchkin, 1984; Donchin and Coles, 1988; Verleger, 1988; Salisbury et al., 2004; Kamarajan et al., 2009). Finally, event-related oscillations (EROs), obtained by time-frequency analysis of the ERP recordings, represent both time and frequency information for a specific sensory, motor or cognitive event, and brain oscillations of different frequency bands are related to various cognitive functions (Basar, 1999a, b; Basar et al., 1999, 2000, 2001). ERO measures often include power and coherence/synchrony for specific time and frequency ranges, and are considered to be involved in the generation of ERPs (see Sauseng et al., 2007 for a critical discussion).
