with the anterior and posterior areas of the brain, previously implicated in memory48 and cognitive49 functions, and the AA males group showed lower connectivity in the precuneus/posterior cingulate, two of the main DMN hubs, which are suggested to play a pivotal role in how the intrinsic activity is mediated throughout the DMN50. Both female groups showed lower connectivity involving the fusiform supporting previous fMRI resting-state findings linking cognitive impairment and lower fusiform connectivity51. The insula was found to increase connectivity with superior temporal (EA females) and inferior parietal (AA males) in the group that maintains AUD diagnosis. Previous study showed that greater functional coupling between the anterior insula and the left frontoparietal network is linked to smoking and impulsivity52. Given the insula’s role in interoceptive awareness and homeostatic processing, this lower activity of connectivity may relate to bias towards immediate rewards52 and increased tension53 associated with addiction52. Interestingly, the structural integrity of the salience network (insula) and DMN lower activity was previously linked to the salience network role as regulating dynamic changes in other networks54. This theory suggests that if the salience network in the continued AUD group is damaged it might relate to the DMN lower functioning55. Overall, these
