There is strong evidence from functional studies that the NMDA system plays important roles in AD, CD and OD (Kalivas, 2009; Krystal et al., 2003b; Liechti and Markou, 2008; Manolio et al., 2009; Siggins et al., 2003), and we identified RVs associated with OD. We did not identify RVs in genes of the NMDA system that affect risk for AD and CD; this could have been due to larger statistics power in identifying RVs associated with OD than that in AD and CD. In addition, since only a subset of RVs were explored in this study, whether they are associated with SD remains unknown.