There were no significant main effects of genotype on delinquency (p=0.287). Environmental risk was significantly and positively associated with delinquency (p<0.001). We detected a significant (p=0.015) GxE effect in the expected direction, such that males carrying the risk allele were more sensitive to the effects of environmental risk than were males carrying the high-activity allele (Figure 1C). As expected, this pattern is reflected by the fact that the effect of physical discipline on males carrying the risk allele (β=0.124) is nearly twice the effect on males carrying the high-activity allele (β=0.065).
