The current paper provides an overview of selected statistical methods that can be used to address these issues. We then illustrate how these methods may be applied to HPV natural history data, and compare their results. The example dataset is from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a large prospective cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. It is worth noting that these analyses involve more than twice the total person-visits of data available at the time of an earlier report regarding HPV type-specific infection in HIV-positive women based in the WIHS(8) and represent an update of those earlier findings.