Four studies evaluated the association between treatment with stimulant medication and ever having used nicotine. The ORs ranged from 0.60 to 2.71, and all 95% CIs included 1. Consistent with this pattern of results, the random-effects model estimated that children with ADHD who received stimulant medication were largely comparable to children not treated with stimulant medication, although the precision of the estimate is limited (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 0.73−3.30; P =.26). However, there was evidence of significant heterogeneity (Q = 10.72, P =.01).
