Cyders et al. (2007a) then provided evidence for a fifth disposition to engage in rash action, called positive urgency, i.e., the tendency to act rashly when experiencing extremely positive emotion. They based this hypothesis on the observation that there exists considerable indirect evidence for the existence of such a disposition. First, college students are more likely to drink on days of celebration than during the academic week (Del Boca, Darkes, Greenbaum, & Goldman, 2004; Kornefel, 2002): that drinking tends to be heavy and associated with driving while under the influence, unwanted sexual intercourse, increased physical violence, and alcohol related injuries and deaths (Del Boca et al., 2004). Second, some individuals drink to enhance an existing positive mood, and do so in ways that lead to drinking-related problems and involvement in other risky behaviors (Cooper, Agocha, & Sheldon, 2000). Third, among pathological gamblers in recovery, positive mood is a temptation to resume gambling (Holub, Hodgins, & Peden, 2005). Fourth, induced positive mood produces increased risk taking (Yuen & Lee, 2003). Fifth, there is evidence that adolescents engage in rash, ill-advised behaviors
