The list of qualifying conditions for which medical marijuana (most commonly consumed by smoking) is legal on the state level varies substantially (Table 1), as does the level of evidence for each condition (Table 2). Common conditions include pain, HIV/AIDS, cancer, glaucoma, epilepsy/seizures, nausea/vomiting, spasticity/MS, agitation in Alzheimer's disease, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although dronabinol and nabilone are both FDA-approved for HIV/AIDS cachexia and chemotherapy-related nausea/vomiting, it is not known whether marijuana is also efficacious for the treatment of these conditions. The numerous other compounds (i.e., cannabinoids, flavonoids, terpinoids) present in smoked or edible marijuana may interact with the actions of THC. Large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown efficacy of nabiximols for MS-related spasticity, and at least two RCTs of smoked marijuana or an oral cannabis extract also show efficacy in this condition (16, 17). At least three RCTs (total n = 101), designed to test the efficacy of smoked marijuana for at least five days in treating neuropathic pain, have been positive (18–20), with additional evidence from challenge studies. Additionally, large trials testing the efficacy of nabiximols
