to the European sample (3,088 cases and 25,911 controls) we conducted an additional GWAS of the African ancestral group sample (1,722 cases and 8,366 controls). In MVP, in addition to the European sample (146,771 cases and 250,062 controls), we performed additional GWAS of the African American (43,743 cases and 60,589 controls), and the Latin American (12,277 cases and 32,088 controls) ancestral groups. Each of the univariate GWAS covaried for 10 genetic ancestry principal components (PC), age, sex, number of ICD codes and length of record. The summary statistics for TUD in UKBB were downloaded from the GWAS atlas (https://atlas.ctglab.nl/traitDB/3439).
