The DSM-5 was published on May 18, 2013, and supersedes the DSM-IV text revision (DSM-IV-TR) published in 2000. In the DSM-5, the DSM-IV criteria cocaine abuse and cocaine dependence have been combined into a single cocaine use disorder. Cocaine use disorder is now divided into mild (2–3 criteria), moderate (4–5 criteria) and severe (6 or more criteria). A further difference is that whereas in the DSM-IV, cocaine abuse diagnostic criteria required only one symptom, in the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, a diagnosis of mild cocaine use disorder requires at least two criteria to be met. Lastly, the DSM-IV recurrent legal problems criterion for cocaine abuse was replaced with the new criterion of craving37.We recoded DSM-IV values in SAGE to DSM-5 for both cocaine and alcohol use, since alcohol use is used as a covariate in our analyses.
